Medical Terminology 7 - 9

MEDICAL TERMS FOR CHAPTER SEVEN

1. CALIECTASIS - dilated (-ectasis) calyx (cali/o).

2. CALICEAL - pertaining to (-al) the calyx (cali/o); or calyces (plural).

3. CYSTITIS - inflammatio (-itis) of the urinary bladder (cyst/o).

4. CYSTECTOMY - excision or removal of (-ectomy) the urinary bladder or a sac (cyst/o).

5. CYSTOSTOMY - opening to form a mouth (-stomy) in the urinary bladder or a sac (cyst/o).

6. GLOMERULAR - pertaining to (-ar) the glomerulus (glomerul/o).

7. MEATAL STENOSIS - pertaining to (-al) a tightening, stricture or narrowing of (-stenosis) the meatus (meat/o).

8. MEATOTOMY - process of cutting, incision (-tomy) into the meatus (meat/o).

9. PARANEPHRIC - pertaining to (-ic) abnormal; (para-) kidney (nephr/o).

10. NEPHROPATHY - kidney (nephr/o) disease (-pathy).

11. NEPHROPTOSIS - dropping or protruding (-ptosis) kidney (nephr/o).

12. NEPHROLITHOTOMY - process of cutting, incision (-tomy) to remove kidney (nephr/o) stone(s) (lith/o).

13. NEPHROSCLEROSIS - hardening (-sclerosis) of the kidney (nephr/o).

14. HYDRONEPHROSIS - abnormal condition (-osis) of water (hydr/o) in the kidney(s) (nephr/o).

15. NEPHROSTOMY - opening to form a mouth (-stomy) from the kidney (nephr/o).

16. PYELOLITHOTOMY - process of cutting, incision (-tomy) into the renal pelvis (pyel/o)

17. PYELOGRAM - record (-gram) of the renal pelvis (pyel/o).

18. RENAL ISCHEMIA - to hold back (isch/o) blood condition (-emia) pertaining to (-al) the kidney (ren/o); a condition of blood deficiency in the kidneys.  

19. RENALCOLIC - intermittent but persistent and severe pain caused by the passage of kidney stones.

20. TRIGONITIS - inflammation of (-itis) the trigone (region of the bladder) (trigon/o).

21. URETEROPLASTY - surgical repair (-plasty) of the ureter (ureter/o).

22. URETEROILEOSTOMY - new opening (-stomy) from the ureter (ureter/o) to the ileum (ile/o); surgical implantation of an ureter to drain into an isolated segmentation of the ileum.  

23. URETHRITIS . inflammation of (-itis) the urethra (urethr/o).

24. URETHROPLASTY - surgical repair (-plasty) of the urethra (urethr/o).

25. URETHRAL STRICTURE - pertaining to (-al) an abnormal narrowing (stricture) of the urethra (urethr/o).  

26. INTRAVESICAL - pertaining to (-al) within (intra-) the urinary bladder (vesic/o).

27. VESICOURETERAL REFLUX - pertaining to (-al) the abnormal flow of urine (reflux) from the ureters (ureter/o) back in to the urinary bladder (vesic/o).  

28. ALBUMINURIA - pertaining to (-ia) albumin (a protein in blood) (albumin/o) in the urine (ur/o).  

29. AZOTEMIA - a blood condition (-emia) involving nitrogen (azot/o).  A blood condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen containing compounds.  

30. BACTERIURIA - bacteria (bacter/i) in urine (uria).

31. POLYDIPSIA - pertaining to (-ia) excessive; literally: many (poly-) thirst (dips/o)

32. HYPERKALEMIA - blood condition (-emia) of excessive (hyper-) potassium (kal/o).

33. KETOSIS - abnormal condition (-osis) of ketone bodies (ket/o).

34. KETONURIA - pertaining to (-ia) ketone bodies (ket/o) in the urine (ur/o).  

35. NEPHROLITHIASIS - abnormal condition (-iasis) of kidney (nephr/o) stones (lith/o).  

36. HYPONATREMIA - is a metabolic condition in which there is not enough sodium in the body fluids outside the cells.  

37. NOCTURIA - urination (-uria) at night (noct/o).  

38. OLIGURIA - scanty (olig/o) urination (-uria).  

39. ERYTHROPOIETIN - substance that forms (-poietin) red (erythr/o);  A hormone produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red bone cells in the bone marrow.  

40. PYURIA - urination (-uria)with pus (py/o)

41. LITHOTRIPSY - crushing (-tripsy) stone(s) (lith/o).

42. UREMIA - blood condition (-emia) urine (ur/o); Azotemia; An abnormally high level of nitrogen type wastes in the blood; associated with kidney failure.

43. ENURESIS - or bedwetting; the inability to maintain bladder control in children over the age of 5 or 6 years old.  

44. DIURESIS - polyuria; or excessive urine production.

45. ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE - most important function is regulation of the body’s retention of water.  

46. URINARY INCONTINENCE - involuntary leakage of urine.

47. URINARY RETENTION - or Ischuria is the lack of ability to urinate.

48. DYSURIA - painful urination.

49. ANURIA - non-passage of urine.

50. HEMATURIA - blood (hemat/o) with urination (-uria).

51. GLYCOSURIA - or glucosuria; is the excretion of sugar in the urine.

52. POLYURIA - excessive or abnormally large production of urine.

A.    Complete the following terms from their definitions

1. cal-  dilation of a calyx - CALIECTASIS.  

2. –uria  scanty urination - OLIGURIA.  

3. nephro-  disease of kidney - NEPHROPATHY.  

4. bacteri-  bacteria in the urine - BACTERIURIA.  

5. poly-  excessive thirst - POLYDIPSIA.  

6. –lithotomy  incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis - PYELOLITHOTOMY.

7. –uria  protein in the urine - ALBUMINURIA.  

8. –scopy  visual examination of the urinary bladder - CYSTOSCOPY.  

9. litho-  crushing of a stone -LITHOTRIPSY.  

10. –uria  sugar in the urine - GLYCOSURIA.

B.     Underline the term that is spelled correctly

1. swelling; fluid in tissues - EDEMA

2. visual examination of the bladder - CYSTOSCOPY

3. hardening of vessels in the kidney - NEPHROSCLEROSIS

4. protein in the urine - ALBUMINURIA

5. stone - CALCULUS

6. excessive thirst - POLYDIPSIA

7. collecting area in the kidney - CALYX

8. inability to hold urine in the bladder - INCONTINENCE

9. chemical that carries an electrical charge - ELECTROLYTE

10. hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cells - ERYTHROPOIETIN

MEDICAL TERMS FOR CHAPTER EIGHT

1. AMNIOCENTESIS - surgical puncture to remove fluid (-centesis) from the sac surrounding the uterus (amni/o).
2. AMNIOTIC FLUID - pertaining to (-ic) the the fluid in the sac surrounding the uterus (amni/o).
3. ENDOCERVICITIS - inflammation of (-itis) within (endo-) the cervic (cervic/o).
4. CHORIONIC - pertaining to (-ic) the chorion (chorion/o).
5. COLPOSCOPY - visual examination of (-scopy) the vagina (colp/o)
6. CULDOCENTESIS - surgical puncture to remove fluid (-centesis) from a cul-de-sac (culd/o); specifically refers to removal of fluid from the retrouterine pouch posterior to the vagina.
7. EPISIOTOMY - process of cutting (-tomy) into the vulva (episi/o).
8. GALACTORRHEA - flow, discharge (-rrhea) of milk (galact/o).
9. GYNECOMASTIA - abnormal enlargment of mammary glands in males.
10. HYSTERECTOMY - excision or removal (-ectomy) of the uterus or womb (hyster/o).
11. HYSTEROSCOPY - visual examination of (-scopy) of the uterus or womb (hyster/o).
12. LACTATION - process of (-ion) milk (lact/o).
13. MAMMARY - pertaining to (-ary) breast (mamm/o).
14. MAMMOPLASTY - surgical repair (-plasty) of the breast (mamm/o).
15. MASTITIS - inflammation of (-itis) the breast (mast/o).
16. MASTECTOMY - excision or removal (-ectomy) of the breast (mast/o).
17. AMENORRHEA - the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age.
18. DYSMENORRHEA - pain during menstruation.
19. OLIGOMENORRHEA - infrequent menstruation.
20. MENORRHAGIA - an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular intervals.
21. METRORRHAGIA - uterine bleeding at irregular intervals especially between menstrual periods.
22. MENOMETRORRHAGIA - a condition in which prolonged or excessive uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal
23. MYOMETRIUM - the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells; also called uterine myocytes.
24. MYOMECTOMY - refers to the surgical removal of uterine leiomyomas, also known as fibroids.
25. NEONATAL - of, relating to, or affecting the newborn and especially the human infant during the first month after birth.
26. OBSTETRICS - is the study of the reproductive process within the female body.
27. OOGENESIS - is the creation of an ovum.
28. OOCYTE - is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.
29. OOPHORECTOMY - the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries. The surgery is also called ovariectomy.
30. OVUM - is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete.
31. OVARIAN - Of or relating to an ovary.
32. ANOVULATORY - a menstrual cycle during which the ovaries do not release an oocyte.
33. PERINEORRHAPY - suture of the perineum.
34. OOPHORITIS - inflammation of the ovaries.
35. SALPINGECTOMY - surgical removal of a fallopian tube.
36. UTRINE PROLAPSE - falling or sliding of the uterus from its normal position in the pelvic cavity into the vaginal canal.
37. VAGINAL ORIFICE - median slit below and behind the opening of the urethra; its size varies inversely with that of the hymen.  The narrowest portion of the canal, in the floor of the vestibule posterior to the urethral orifice.
38. VAGINITIS - infection or inflammation of the vagina.
39. VULVOVAGINITIS - inflammation or infection of the vulva and vagina.
40. MENARCHE - first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female human beings.
41. PSEUDOCYESIS - false pregnancy.
42. PRIMIGRAVIDA - a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
43. PRIMIPAROUS - a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
44. LEUKORRHEA - denotes a thick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge.
45. MENORRHEA - flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years.
46. PYOSALPINX - a collection of pus in a uterine tube.
47. DYSTOCIA - abnormal or difficult childbirth or labour.
48. OXYTOCIA - An unusually rapid childbirth.
49. CEPHALIC VERSION - a  procedure used to turn a fetus from a breech position or side-lying (transverse) position into a head-down (vertex) position before labor begins.
50. DYSPAREUNIA - painful sexual intercourse, due to medical or psychological causes.
51. ENDOMETRITIS - inflammation of the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.
52. INVOLUTION OF THE UTERUS - process by which the uterus attempts to return to its prepregnancy size and condition.
53. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE - is a form of birth control; it is an object, placed in the uterus, to prevent pregnancy.
54. MULTIPARA - A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies resulting in potentially viable offspring.
55. MULTIGRAVIDA - A woman (or female animal) who is or has been pregnant for at least a second time.
56. NULLIGRAVIDA - a woman who has never been pregnant.
57. NULLIPARA - A woman who has never given birth to a child.
58. PRENATAL - Existing or occurring before birth.
59. PRIMIPARA - A woman who is pregnant for the first time.
60. RETROVERSION - the tipping backward of an entire organ or part.  Such as retroversion of the uterus.

                 
A.         Underline the correctly spelled word and DEFINE it.

1. AMENORRHEA - the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age.
2. OOPHORITIS - inflammation of the ovaries.
3. MENARCHE - the first menstrual cycle in a female.
4. CERVICITIS - inflammation of the end of the uterus (cervix).
5. AREOLA - in anatomy refers to any circular area such as the colored skin around the nipple.
6. PAPILLA - a nipple like structure.
7. PROGESTERONE - usually used in hormone replacement therapy in women who have passed menopause and have not had a hysterectomy.
8. ESTROGEN - the main sex hormone in women; used to treat menopausal women fort symptoms such as hot flashes.
9. DILATION - refers to an expansion or enlargement; such as cervical dilation in which the opening of the cervix is enlarged.  
10. CARCINOMA IN SITU -  (CIS) is an early form of carcinoma defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues.

B.         Complete the following terms

1. (pyo-) pus in the fallopian tubes - PYOSALPINX
2. (-orrhea) lack of menstrual flow - AMENORRHEA
3. (-oscopy) process of visually examining the vagina - COLPOSCOPY
4. (-plasty) surgical repair of the breast  -  MAMMOPLASTY
5. (-para) a woman who has never borne a child - NULLIPARA
6. (-ectomy) removal of an ovary - OOPHORECTOMY
7. (-ectomy) removal of the uterus - HYSTERECTOMY
8. (dys-) difficult labor and delivery - DYSTOCIA
9. (pseudo-) false pregnancy - PSEUDOCYESIS
10. (perine-) suture of the perineum - PERINEORRHAPHY

MEDICAL TERMS FOR CHAPTER NINE

1. ANDROGEN - A steroid hormone, such as testosterone or androsterone, that controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics.

2. BALANITIS - inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis.

3. CRYOGENIC SURGERY - surgery involving the selective destruction of tissues by freezing them.

4. CRYPTORCHIDISM - when one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth; undescended testicles.

5. EPIDIDYMITIS - a medical condition in which there is inflammation of the epididymis (a curved structure at the back of the testicle in which sperm matures.

6. GONORRHEA - a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

7. HYDROCELE - a fluid-filled sack along the spermatic cord within the scrotum.

8. ORCHIECTOMY - removal of the testicles; castration.

9. ORCHITIS - also called orchiditis is a condition of the testes involving inflammation.

10. PENILE - Of, relating to, or affecting the penis.

11. PENOSCROTAL - pertaining to the penis and scrotum.

12. PROSTATITIS - general term used to describe prostate inflammation.

13. PROSTATECTOMY - surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland.

14. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES - located in the testes, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.

15. SEMINAL VESICLES - a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder of male mammals.

16. SPERMOLYTIC - or spermicide is a substance that kills sperm.

17. OLIGOSPERMIA - semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility.

18. ASPERMIA - complete lack of semen.

19. TERATOMA - an encapsulated tumor with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of all three germ layers.

20. TESTICULAR - pertaining to the testes.

21. VARICOCELE - a widening of the veins along the cord that holds up a man's testicles.

22. VASECTOMY - a minor, out-patient surgical procedure for male sterilization and/or birth control.

23. AZOOSPERMIA - the medical condition of a male not having any measurable level of sperm in his semen.

24. SPERMATOGENESIS - the process by which male primary germ cells undergo division

25. , and produce a number of cells termed spermatogonia.  

26. TESTOSTERONE - a steroid hormone from the androgen group.

27. ORCHIOPEXY - a surgery to move an undescended testicle into the scrotum and permanently fix it there.

28. VASOVASOSTOMY - a surgery by which vasectomies are partially reversed.

Match the following terms to their definitions:

1. castration - c.  orchiectomy

2. purulent - g.  pus-filled

3. ligation  - a.  to tie off or bind

4. circumcision - d.  removal of the prepuce

5. ejaculation - h.  ejection of sperm and fluid from the urethra  

6. cryosurgery - f.  destruction of tissue by freezing  

7. vasectomy - b.  removal of a piece of vas deferens

8. semen analysis - g.  test of fertility (reproductive ability)